Python小技巧|如何在win系统下快速查找文件
【摘要】
在工作的时候有时需要去处理一些文件，如果不在一个文件夹里面会去遍历整个盘符(如F盘)，这个时候手动查找和搜索显得非常慢，单个还好，如果多个，就不得不写程序来处理了。
据我所知，Python有两个函数可以遍历文件夹(包括子文件夹)，os模块的walk函数，以及glob模块的glob函数,其中os.walk函数，查看help文档有示例代码:
import osfrom ...
在工作的时候有时需要去处理一些文件，如果不在一个文件夹里面会去遍历整个盘符(如F盘)，这个时候手动查找和搜索显得非常慢，单个还好，如果多个，就不得不写程序来处理了。
据我所知，Python有两个函数可以遍历文件夹(包括子文件夹)，os模块的walk函数，以及glob模块的glob函数,其中os.walk函数，查看help文档有示例代码:
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import os
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from os.path import join, getsize
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for root, dirs, files in os.walk('python/Lib/email'):
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print(root, "consumes", end="")
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print(sum([getsize(join(root, name)) for name in files]), end="")
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print("bytes in", len(files), "non-directory files")
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if 'CVS' in dirs:
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dirs.remove('CVS') # don't visit CVS directories
可以直接拿来用，而glob.glob函数虽然没提供示例，但help文档也很清晰:
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glob(pathname, *, recursive=False)
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Return a list of paths matching a pathname pattern.
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The pattern may contain simple shell-style wildcards a la
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fnmatch. However, unlike fnmatch, filenames starting with a
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dot are special cases that are not matched by '*' and '?'
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patterns.
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If recursive is true, the pattern '**' will match any files and
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zero or more directories and subdirectories.
不难理解，第二个参数为**，且第三个参数为recursive=True时，即可以遍历指定的路径(包含子文件夹):
glob(pathname, **, recursive=True)
但是很遗憾的是，这两个函数在遍历文件和子文件夹比较多的文件夹时，会显非常慢，如果你使用的是 win系统，则可以尝试另外的方式。
很多朋友应该听过 Everything 这个查找神器，下载地址:
https://www.voidtools.com/zh-cn/downloads/
它在win系统下搜索文件可以说非常的快速,更多介绍请看这里:
https://www.voidtools.com/zh-cn/faq/
那怎么写程序来调用呢？它提供了SDK:
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http://www.voidtools.com/support/everything/sdk/
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函数非常的多，也给了Python的调用示例:
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import ctypes
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import datetime
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import struct
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#defines
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EVERYTHING_REQUEST_FILE_NAME = 0x00000001
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EVERYTHING_REQUEST_PATH = 0x00000002
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EVERYTHING_REQUEST_FULL_PATH_AND_FILE_NAME = 0x00000004
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EVERYTHING_REQUEST_EXTENSION = 0x00000008
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EVERYTHING_REQUEST_SIZE = 0x00000010
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EVERYTHING_REQUEST_DATE_CREATED = 0x00000020
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EVERYTHING_REQUEST_DATE_MODIFIED = 0x00000040
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EVERYTHING_REQUEST_DATE_ACCESSED = 0x00000080
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EVERYTHING_REQUEST_ATTRIBUTES = 0x00000100
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EVERYTHING_REQUEST_FILE_LIST_FILE_NAME = 0x00000200
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EVERYTHING_REQUEST_RUN_COUNT = 0x00000400
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EVERYTHING_REQUEST_DATE_RUN = 0x00000800
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EVERYTHING_REQUEST_DATE_RECENTLY_CHANGED = 0x00001000
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EVERYTHING_REQUEST_HIGHLIGHTED_FILE_NAME = 0x00002000
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EVERYTHING_REQUEST_HIGHLIGHTED_PATH = 0x00004000
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EVERYTHING_REQUEST_HIGHLIGHTED_FULL_PATH_AND_FILE_NAME = 0x00008000
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#dll imports
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everything_dll = ctypes.WinDLL ("C:\\EverythingSDK\\DLL\\Everything32.dll")
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everything_dll.Everything_GetResultDateModified.argtypes = [ctypes.c_int,ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_ulonglong)]
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everything_dll.Everything_GetResultSize.argtypes = [ctypes.c_int,ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_ulonglong)]
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#setup search
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everything_dll.Everything_SetSearchW("test.py")
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everything_dll.Everything_SetRequestFlags(EVERYTHING_REQUEST_FILE_NAME | EVERYTHING_REQUEST_PATH | EVERYTHING_REQUEST_SIZE | EVERYTHING_REQUEST_DATE_MODIFIED)
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#execute the query
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everything_dll.Everything_QueryW(1)
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#get the number of results
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num_results = everything_dll.Everything_GetNumResults()
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#show the number of results
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print("Result Count: {}".format(num_results))
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#convert a windows FILETIME to a python datetime
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#https://stackoverflow.com/questions/39481221/convert-datetime-back-to-windows-64-bit-filetime
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WINDOWS_TICKS = int(1/10**-7) # 10,000,000 (100 nanoseconds or .1 microseconds)
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WINDOWS_EPOCH = datetime.datetime.strptime('1601-01-01 00:00:00',
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'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
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POSIX_EPOCH = datetime.datetime.strptime('1970-01-01 00:00:00',
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'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
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EPOCH_DIFF = (POSIX_EPOCH - WINDOWS_EPOCH).total_seconds() # 11644473600.0
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WINDOWS_TICKS_TO_POSIX_EPOCH = EPOCH_DIFF * WINDOWS_TICKS # 116444736000000000.0
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def get_time(filetime):
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"""Convert windows filetime winticks to python datetime.datetime."""
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winticks = struct.unpack('<Q', filetime)[0]
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microsecs = (winticks - WINDOWS_TICKS_TO_POSIX_EPOCH) / WINDOWS_TICKS
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return datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(microsecs)
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#create buffers
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filename = ctypes.create_unicode_buffer(260)
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date_modified_filetime = ctypes.c_ulonglong(1)
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file_size = ctypes.c_ulonglong(1)
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#show results
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for i in range(num_results):
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everything_dll.Everything_GetResultFullPathNameW(i,filename,260)
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everything_dll.Everything_GetResultDateModified(i,date_modified_filetime)
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everything_dll.Everything_GetResultSize(i,file_size)
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print("Filename: {}\nDate Modified: {}\nSize: {} bytes\n".format(ctypes.wstring_at(filename),get_time(date_modified_filetime),file_size.value))
显得比较难以理解，我自己照着其他的示例写了个简单易理解的，代码如下:
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from ctypes import windll,byref,create_unicode_buffer
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def search_files(file):
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Search = windll.LoadLibrary("everything64.dll")
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strBuff = create_unicode_buffer(255)
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Search.Everything_SetSearchW(file)
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Search.Everything_QueryW(True)
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Results = Search.Everything_GetNumResults()
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for index in range(Results):
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Search.Everything_GetResultFullPathNameW(index,byref(strBuff),len(strBuff))
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yield strBuff.value
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del Search
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del strBuff
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if __name__=='__main__':
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for file in search_files('*.py'):
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print (file)
在调用它的SDK时，网站上也很贴心的给了我们一些注意事项:
简而言之就是在调用的时候，一定要打开 Everything 这个软件。更多的功能请自己去发现吧^_^
文章来源: blog.csdn.net，作者：悦来客栈的老板，版权归原作者所有，如需转载，请联系作者。
原文链接：blog.csdn.net/qq523176585/article/details/109508005
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