Incremental backup

简介

最近接到一个调研任务，kvm 虚拟机增量盘的实时备份。主要参考资料来源。[QEMU/KVM磁盘在线备份]
主要思路：同步方式（sync）的四种模式。full,top,none,incremental四种方式的。

• none 实时I/O备份，该方式主要为将实时的I/O变化备份，不足，将所有的I/O备份，浪费大量的内存空间，且只备份了I/O的数据，其他数据没有备份，该方案被放弃。
• incremental 增量备份。但是无法实现实时备份。
• 后来又想到另一种方式：在创建的虚拟机的时候，将增量盘挂载到服务器，实现远程备份。这种方法的缺点，对网络要求较高，性能，稳定性较高，一旦网络波动，虚拟机将奔溃。
• Rsync的远程实时备份，暂时想到的一个思路，以后研究。rsync有多种远程上传方式。做个（标记）。

设备环境

客户端： Ubuntu18.04
服务端： Ubuntu20.04

  

 

  
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qemu 实时备份

备份命令

• none : real-time backup

virsh qemu-monitor-command DOMAIN '{ "execute" : "drive-backup" , "arguments" : { "device" : "drive-ide0-0-0" , "sync" : "none" , "target" : "/opt/backup/none.img" } }'

  

 

  
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• bitmap : increment backup

virsh qemu-monitor-command DOMAIN '{ "execute" : "drive-backup" , "arguments" : { "device" : "drive-virtio-disk0" , "sync" : "incremental" , "bitmap" : "bitmap0" , "target" : "/opt/backup/inc.0.qcow2" } }'

  

 

  
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备份任务管理

• 查看备份任务

virsh qemu-monitor-command DOMAIN --pretty '{ "execute": "query-block-jobs" }'

  

 

  
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virsh qemu-monitor-command DOMAIN --hmp 'info block-jobs'

  

 

  
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• 暂停备份任务

virsh qemu-monitor-command DOMAIN '{ "execute": "block-job-cancel", "arguments": { "device": "drive-ide0-0-0", "force": true } }'

  

 

  
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• 重置备份任务

virsh qemu-monitor-command DOMAIN '{ "execute" : "block-job-pause", "arguments" : { "device" : "drive-virtio-disk0" } }'

  

 

  
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• 停止备份任务

virsh qemu-monitor-command DOMAIN '{ "execute": "block-job-cancel", "arguments": { "device": "drive-virtio-disk0", "force": true } }'

  

 

  
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bitmap 命令

• 创建bitmap

virsh qemu-monitor-command DOMAIN { "execute": "block-dirty-bitmap-add",  "arguments": {"node": "drive0","name": "bitmap0" }}

  

 

  
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• 删除bitmap

virsh qemu-monitor-command DOMAIN { "execute": "block-dirty-bitmap-remove", "arguments": {"node": "drive0","name": "bitmap0"}}

  

 

  
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• 重置 bitmap node

virsh qemu-monitor-command DOMAIN { "execute": "block-dirty-bitmap-clear",  "arguments": {"node": "drive0","name": "bitmap0"}}

  

 

  
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远程备份

• 命令

iscsi://[<username>[%<password>]@]<host>[:<port>]/<target-iqn-name>/<lun>

  

 

  
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iscsi://192.168.1.100:3260/iqn.2019-01.com.iaas/0

  

 

  
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• 样例

virsh qemu-monitor-command DOMAIN '{ "execute" : "drive-backup" , "arguments" : { "device" : "drive-ide0-0-0" , "sync" : "incremental", "target" : "iscsi://192.168.1.100:3260/iqn.2019-01.com.iaas/0" } }'

  

 

  
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参考资料：
iscsi服务端搭建
iscsi客户端搭建

• 客户端搭建

安装

apt install open-iscsi

  

 

  
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设置服务开机启动

systemctl  enable  iscsi.service
systemctl  enable  iscsid.service
systemctl  start  iscsi.service
systemctl  start  iscsid.service

  

 

  
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iscsi-name

cat  /etc/iscsi/initiatorname.iscsi

  

 

  
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设置名称：

vim /etc/iscsi/initiatorname.iscsi
InitiatorName=name
systemctl  restart  iscsi.service

  

 

  
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查找target

iscsiadm  -m  discovery  -t  st  -p  172.26.106.103:3260

  

 

  
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登陆target

iscsiadm -m node --targetname iqn.2020-06.wuqiang.iscis -p 172.26.106.103:3260 --login

  

 

  
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设置全局单向认证

discovery.sendtargets.auth.authmethod = CHAP
discovery.sendtargets.auth.username = troila
discovery.sendtargets.auth.password = 123456

  

 

  
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重启服务

/etc/init.d/iscsid force-reload #强制重载
/etc/init.d/iscsid stop			#停止服务
/etc/init.d/iscsid start		#启动服务
service iscsi restart			#重启服务
service iscsid restart			#重启服务
service open-iscsi status #查看状态

  

 

  
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• 服务端搭建

安装

apt install targetcli-fb

  

 

  
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进入配置页面

targetcli

  

 

  
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相关命令行

  - bookmarks action [bookmark] - cd [path] - clearconfig [confirm] - exit - get [group] [parameter...] - help [topic] - ls [path] [depth] - pwd - refresh - restoreconfig [savefile] [clear_existing] [target] [storage_object] - saveconfig [savefile] - sessions [action] [sid] - set [group] [parameter=value...] - status - version

  

 

  
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创建存储结构

创建物理磁盘存储

cd backstores/block
create lun1 /dev/loop10

  

 

  
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创建文件存储

cd /backstores/fileio/
create lun1 /opt/fileio.img

  

 

  
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创建内存存储

cd ../ramdisk 
create rd0 10MB

  

 

  
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查看创建好的存储资源

/backstores> ls
o- backstores ........................................................................................................... [...]
  o- block .............................................................................................. [Storage Objects: 1]
  | o- lun1 ...................................................................... [/dev/loop10 (50.0GiB) write-thru activated]
  |   o- alua ................................................................................................. [ALUA Groups: 1]
  | o- default_tg_pt_gp .................................................................... [ALUA state: Active/optimized]
  o- fileio .............................................................................................. [Storage Objects: 1]
  | o- lun1 ................................................................... [fileio.img (20.0GiB) write-back deactivated]
  |   o- alua ................................................................................................. [ALUA Groups: 1]
  | o- default_tg_pt_gp .................................................................... [ALUA state: Active/optimized]
  o- pscsi ................................................................................................ [Storage Objects: 0]
  o- ramdisk .............................................................................................. [Storage Objects: 0]

  

 

  
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创建iscsi目标

cd /iscsi/
create #自动创建用户
create iqn.2020-06.iscsi:sn.20200623 #创建指定用户

  

 

  
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关联后端存储

cd iqn.2020-06.iscsi:sn.20200623/tpg1/luns/
create /backstores/block/lun1  #为后端存储路径

  

 

  
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配置ACL（访问控制列表）

cd ../acls
create iqn.2020-06.wuqiang.iscis #客户端用户名

  

 

  
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配置CHAP认证-全局单向认证

cd /iscsi/
get discovery_auth  #查看配置信息
set discovery_auth enable=1
set discovery_auth userid=troila
set discovery_auth password=123456
get discovery_auth enable userid password #查看是否与设置的相同

  

 

  
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保存退出

exit

  

 

  
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其他

创建硬盘

dd if=/dev/vda5 of=/opt/block.img bs=1G count=50 #创建
sudo losetup /dev/loop10 /opt/block.img #挂载为设备 /dev/loop10
fdisk /dev/loop10 #创建逻辑分区
mkfs -t ext4 /dev/loop10 #格式化

  

 

  
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创建文件

dd if=/dev/vda5 of=/opt/file.img bs=1G count=20 #创建
mkfs -t ext4 /opt/file.img #格式化

  

 

  
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查看block信息

virsh qemu-monitor-command DOMAIN --hmp info block

  

 

  
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drive-ide0-0-0 (#block971): /opt/qcow2/wuqiang-151-extra.qcow2 (backup-top) Attached to: ide0-0-0 Cache mode: writeback Backing file: /opt/qcow2/wuqiang-151-extra.qcow2 (chain depth: 2)

  

 

  
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drive-ide0-0-0 为 块信息名称

qemu4.2.0

编译

卸载之前安装的qemu

apt remove qemu*

  

 

  
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源码路径：

https://download.qemu.org/

  

 

  
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ubuntu编译

wget https://download.qemu.org/qemu-4.2.0.tar.xz
tar xvf qemu-4.2.0.tar.xz
cd qemu-4.2.0
./configure --prefix=/usr --target-list=x86_64-softmmu --enable-guest-agent --enable-libusb --enable-spice --enable-libiscsi 
make && make install

  

 

  
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检测：

virsh
version

  

 

  
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输出为如下所示：Running hypervisor: QEMU 4.2.0 则，安装成功

Compiled against library: libvirt 4.0.0
Using library: libvirt 4.0.0
Using API: QEMU 4.0.0
Running hypervisor: QEMU 4.2.0

  

 

  
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注意：

./configure 配置完成之后，输出配置列表注意查看：agent,libiscsi,libusb,kvm,spice是否显示yes。

  

 

  
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qemu-monitor使用

进入monitor

qemu-system-x86_64 -enable-kvm -m 512 -smp 2 -hda vm-img-path -boot c -vnc :1 -monitor stdio

  

 

  
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dirve_backup介绍

help drive_backup

  

 

  
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drive_backup [-n] [-f] [-c] device target [format] -- initiates a point-in-time copy for a device. The device's contents are copied to the new image file, excluding data that is written after the command is started. The -n flag requests QEMU to reuse the image found in new-image-file, instead of recreating it from scratch. The -f flag requests QEMU to copy the whole disk, so that the result does not need a backing file. The -c flag requests QEMU to compress backup data (if the target format supports it).

  

 

  
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样例：

drive_backup -f ide0-hd0 /opt/qcow2/151_backup.qcow2 qcow2

  

 

  
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查看备份任务：

info block-jobs

  

 

  
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查看device:

info block

  

 

  
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任务取消:

block_job_cancel [-f] device -- stop an active background block operation (use -f if you want to abort the operation immediately instead of keep running until data is in sync)

  

 

  
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block_job_cancel ide0-hd0

  

 

  
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libvirt4.5

gmp

wget https://gmplib.org/download/gmp/gmp-6.0.0.tar.xz
tar xvf gmp-6.0.0.tar.xz
cd gmp-6.0.0/
./configure && make && make install

  

 

  
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nettle-3.4

wget ftp.gnu.org/gnu/nettle/nettle-3.4.tar.gz
tar xvf nettle-3.4.tar.gz
cd nettle-3.4 && mkdir build && cd build/
../configure --prefix=/usr --disable-openssl --enable-shared --enable-mini-gmp
make && make install

  

 

  
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libgnutls-3.5.18

wget https://ftp.gnutls.org/gcrypt/gnutls/v3.5/gnutls-3.5.18.tar.xz
tar xvf gnutls-3.5.18.tar.xz
cd gnutls-3.5.18
./configure --enable-shared --with-included-libtasn1 --with-included-unistring --without-p11-kit  && make && make install

  

 

  
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libvirt4.5

wdget https://libvirt.org/sources/libvirt-4.5.0.tar.xz
tar xvf libvirt-4.5.0.tar.xz
cd libvirt-4.5.0
./autogen.sh
./configure --prefix=/usr --without-apparmor-profiles --with--storage-iscsi --with-bash-completion --with-readline --with-remote
make && make install

  

 

  
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依赖库下载

apt install libgmp-dev
apt install nettle-dev
apt install libnl-3-dev
apt install libnl-route-3-dev
apt install libxml2-dev
apt install libyajl-dev
apt install xsltproc
apt install libdevmapper-dev
apt install libpciaccess-dev
apt install uuid-dev
apt install libreadline-dev
apt install bash-completion

  

 

  
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错误处理

1.错误一

virsh: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvirt.so.0: version `LIBVIRT_4.4.0' not found (required by virsh)
virsh: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvirt.so.0: version `LIBVIRT_4.5.0' not found (required by virsh)
virsh: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvirt.so.0: version `LIBVIRT_PRIVATE_4.5.0' not found (required by virsh)

  

 

  
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解决方案

cd /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/
rm -rf libvirt.so.0*

  

 

  
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2.错误二

virsh: /usr/lib/libvirt.so.0: version `LIBVIRT_PRIVATE_4.0.0' not found (required by /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvirt-lxc.so.0)
virsh: /usr/lib/libvirt.so.0: version `LIBVIRT_PRIVATE_4.0.0' not found (required by /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvirt-qemu.so.0)

  

 

  
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解决方案：

rm -rf libvirt-lxc.so.0*
rm -rf libvirt-qemu.so.0*

  

 

  
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日志模块

vim /etc/libvirt/libvirtd.conf
log_level = 3 #设置日志级别
log_outputs="3:file:/var/log/libvirt/libvirtd.log" #日志输出文件
/etc/init.d/libvirtd restart #重启服务

  

 

  
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相关错误：

.so.0: version `LIBVIRT_PRIVATE_4.0.0' not found (required by /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvirt-lxc.so.0)
virsh: /usr/lib/libvirt.so.0: version `LIBVIRT_PRIVATE_4.0.0' not found (required by /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvirt-qemu.so.0)

  

 

  
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解决方案：

rm -rf libvirt-lxc.so.0*
rm -rf libvirt-qemu.so.0*

  

 

  
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日志模块

vim /etc/libvirt/libvirtd.conf
log_level = 3 #设置日志级别
log_outputs="3:file:/var/log/libvirt/libvirtd.log" #日志输出文件
/etc/init.d/libvirtd restart #重启服务

  

 

  
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virt-manager创建虚拟机

相关错误：USB redirection is not supported by this version of QEMU
解决方案：移除USB redirection1，USB redirection2

  

 

  
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文章来源: blog.csdn.net，作者：何其不顾四月天，版权归原作者所有，如需转载，请联系作者。

原文链接：blog.csdn.net/u011218356/article/details/107006513