Python远程linux执行命令实现
1、远程登录到linux上,使用到的模块paramiko
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#远程登陆操作系统
def ssh(sys_ip,username,password,cmds):
try
#创建ssh客户端
client = paramiko.SSHClient()
#第一次ssh远程时会提示输入yes或者no
client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
#密码方式远程连接
client.connect(sys_ip, 22 , username = username, password = password, timeout = 20 )
#互信方式远程连接
#key_file = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file("/root/.ssh/id_rsa")
#ssh.connect(sys_ip, 22, username=username, pkey=key_file, timeout=20)
#执行命令
stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(cmds[key])
#获取命令执行结果,返回的数据是一个list
result = stdout.readlines()
return result
except Exception, e:
print e
finally :
client.close()
if __name__ = = "__main__" :
sys_ip = "192.168.0.102"
username = "root"
password = "1"
cmds = "pwd"
print ssh(sys_ip,username,password,cmds)
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此处有个主意点,我遇到了,在密码登陆的时候,同样的python连接代码,放在python脚本里面执行就是报下面的错,但是将代码拷贝到python的交互模式下执行就是成功的,这个时候就是需要看下要远程的用户ssh配置是不是只支持键盘交互、密钥验证,如果是这样的话,使用密码远程登录就会报下面的错误
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/paramiko/client.py", line 337, in connect
self._auth(username, password, pkey, key_filenames, allow_agent, look_for_keys)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/paramiko/client.py", line 528, in _auth
raise saved_exception
AuthenticationException: Authentication failed.
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/paramiko/client.py", line 337, in connect
self._auth(username, password, pkey, key_filenames, allow_agent, look_for_keys)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/paramiko/client.py", line 528, in _auth
raise saved_exception
paramiko.SSHException: No existing session
这个是因为linux会检测远程连接有没有tty(键盘交互),脚本方式运行的时候就没有键盘交互,看网上有在connect加,allow_agent=False,look_for_keys=False这2个参数解决的,但是我的没有解决,ssh.connect('localhost',username=name,password=pw,allow_agent=False,look_for_keys=False)
2、使用ssh,需要使用到shell命令expect
首先创建一个shell脚本remotExect.sh
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#!/usr/bin/expect
set timeout 2
set local_file [lindex $argv 0]
set username [lindex $argv 1]
set password [lindex $argv 2]
set hostname [lindex $argv 3]
set remote_file [lindex $argv 4]
spawn scp $local_file $username@$ hostname :$remote_file
expect {
"yes/no" #是为了捕获首次登录,要手动输入yes/no的情况
{send "yes\r" ;}
"password:" #为例捕获需要输入密码的行为
{send "$password\r" ;}
}
expect eof
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然后在python中执行
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import os
cpFileCmd = "./remotecp.sh 1.txt root 1 192.168.0.102 /opt/1.txt"
os.system(cpFileCmd)
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