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ID, LPAREN, RIGHT_CURLY //token names/rule
   expr, simpleDclarator, d2, header_file //rule names

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',' , 'if', '>=', 
   ' \''//转义的单引号
   '\u00E8' //法语中的字符è
   '\n', '\r' //换行 回车

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import, fragment, lexer, parser, grammar, returns, locals, throws, catch, finally, mode, options, tokens

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ruleName : alternative1 | ... | alternativeN ;
   
   //定义类型
   type : 'int' | 'unsigned' | 'long'

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tokens {Token1 ... TokenN}

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grammar VecMathAST
   options{output=AST;}
   tokens{VEC;}
   statlist : stat+ ;
   stat : ID '=' expr -> ^('=' ID expr)
        | 'print' expr -> ^('print' expr);
   expr : multExpr ('+' ^ multExpr)*;
   multExpr : primary (('*'^|'.'^) primary)*;
   primary : INT | ID | '[' expr (',' expr)* ']' -> ^(VEC expr+);

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grammar Count;
   
   @header {
   pacakage foo;
   }
   
   @members{
   int count = 0;
   }
   list @after{System.out.println(count+"ints");} : INT {count++;} (',' INT {count++})*
   ;
   
   INT: [0-9]+;

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stat : restat | 'break' ';' | 'continue' ';' ;

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grammar T;
   stat: 'return' e ';' # Return
       | 'break' ';' # Break

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public interface AListener extends ParseTreeListener {
            void enterReturn(AParser.ReturnContext ctx);
            void exitReturn(AParser.ReturnContext ctx);
            void enterBreak(AParser.BreakContext ctx);
            void exitBreak(AParser.BreakContext ctx);
            }

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inc : e '++';
   
   //generates this context class
   public static class IncContext extends ParserRuleContext {
            public EContext e() { ... } // return context object associated with e
            ...
            }

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field : e '.' e;
   
   //generates this context class
   public static class FieldContext extends ParserRuleContext {
            public EContext e(int i) { ... } // get ith e context
            public List<EContext> e() { ... } // return ALL e contexts
            ...
            }

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stat: 'return' value=e ';' # Return //将e的context作为一个字段添加到 ReturnContext中
            | 'break' ';' # Break
            ;
            
    //generates context class
    public static class ReturnContext extends StatContext {
            public EContext value;
            ...
            }

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array : '{' el+=INT (',' el+=INT)* '}' ;
   //ANTLR generates a List field in the appropriate rule context class:
    public static class ArrayContext extends ParserRuleContext {
            public List<Token> el = new ArrayList<Token>();
            ...
            }