Python 标准模块 -- concurrent.futures
        【摘要】 标准模块 concurrent.futures 相关知识。
    
    
    
    Python标准模块--concurrent.futures
https://docs.python.org/dev/library/concurrent.futures.html
#1 介绍 concurrent.futures模块提供了高度封装的异步调用接口 ThreadPoolExecutor:线程池,提供异步调用 ProcessPoolExecutor: 进程池,提供异步调用 Both implement the same interface, which is defined by the abstract Executor class. #2 基本方法 #submit(fn, *args, **kwargs) 异步提交任务 #map(func, *iterables, timeout=None, chunksize=1) 取代for循环submit的操作 #shutdown(wait=True) 相当于进程池的pool.close()+pool.join()操作 wait=True,等待池内所有任务执行完毕回收完资源后才继续 wait=False,立即返回,并不会等待池内的任务执行完毕 但不管wait参数为何值,整个程序都会等到所有任务执行完毕 submit和map必须在shutdown之前 #result(timeout=None) 取得结果 #add_done_callback(fn) 回调函数 # done() 判断某一个线程是否完成 # cancle() 取消某个任务
ProcessPoolExecutor :
#介绍
The ProcessPoolExecutor class is an Executor subclass that uses a pool of processes to execute calls asynchronously. 
ProcessPoolExecutor uses the multiprocessing module, 
which allows it to side-step the Global Interpreter Lock but also means that only picklable objects can be executed and returned.
class concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor(max_workers=None, mp_context=None)
An Executor subclass that executes calls asynchronously using a pool of at most max_workers processes. 
If max_workers is None or not given, it will default to the number of processors on the machine. If max_workers is lower or equal to 0, 
then a ValueError will be raised.
#用法
from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor,ProcessPoolExecutor
import os,time,random
def task(n):
    print('%s is runing' %os.getpid())
    time.sleep(random.randint(1,3))
    return n**2
if __name__ == '__main__':
    executor=ProcessPoolExecutor(max_workers=3)
    futures=[]
    for i in range(11):
        future=executor.submit(task,i)
        futures.append(future)
    executor.shutdown(True)
    print('+++>')
    for future in futures:
        print(future.result())ThreadPoolExecutor :
#介绍 ThreadPoolExecutor is an Executor subclass that uses a pool of threads to execute calls asynchronously. class concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=None, thread_name_prefix='') An Executor subclass that uses a pool of at most max_workers threads to execute calls asynchronously. Changed in version 3.5: If max_workers is None or not given, it will default to the number of processors on the machine, multiplied by 5, assuming that ThreadPoolExecutor is often used to overlap I/O instead of CPU work and the number of workers should be higher than the number of workers for ProcessPoolExecutor. New in version 3.6: The thread_name_prefix argument was added to allow users to control the threading. Thread names for worker threads created by the pool for easier debugging. #用法 与ProcessPoolExecutor相同
map的用法 :
from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor,ProcessPoolExecutor
import os,time,random
def task(n):
    print('%s is runing' %os.getpid())
    time.sleep(random.randint(1,3))
    return n**2
if __name__ == '__main__':
    executor=ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=3)
    # for i in range(11):
    #     future=executor.submit(task,i)
    executor.map(task,range(1,12)) #map取代了for+submit回调函数 :
from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor,ProcessPoolExecutor
from multiprocessing import Pool
import requests
import json
import os
def get_page(url):
    print('<进程%s> get %s' %(os.getpid(),url))
    respone=requests.get(url)
    if respone.status_code == 200:
        return {'url':url,'text':respone.text}
def parse_page(res):
    res=res.result()
    print('<进程%s> parse %s' %(os.getpid(),res['url']))
    parse_res='url:<%s> size:[%s]\n' %(res['url'],len(res['text']))
    with open('db.txt','a') as f:
        f.write(parse_res)
if __name__ == '__main__':
    urls=[
        'https://www.baidu.com',
        'https://www.python.org',
        'https://www.openstack.org',
        'https://help.github.com/',
        'http://www.sina.com.cn/'
    ]
    # p=Pool(3)
    # for url in urls:
    #     p.apply_async(get_page,args=(url,),callback=pasrse_page)
    # p.close()
    # p.join()
    p=ProcessPoolExecutor(3)
    for url in urls:
        p.submit(get_page,url).add_done_callback(parse_page) #parse_page拿到的是一个future对象obj,需要用obj.result()拿到结果
        
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