Python configparser 模块

该模块适用于配置文件的格式与windows ini文件类似，可以包含一个或多个节（section），每个节可以有多个参数（键=值）。

创建文件

来看一个好多软件的常见文档格式如下：

[DEFAULT]
ServerAliveInterval = 45
Compression = yes
CompressionLevel = 9
ForwardX11 = yes
  
[bitbucket.org]
User = hg
  
[topsecret.server.com]
Port = 50022
ForwardX11 = no

如果想用python生成一个这样的文档怎么做呢？

import configparser

config = configparser.ConfigParser()
config["DEFAULT"] = {'ServerAliveInterval': '45',
                     'Compression': 'yes',
                     'CompressionLevel': '9',
                     'ForwardX11': 'yes'
                     }
config['bitbucket.org'] = {'User': 'hg'}
config['topsecret.server.com'] = {'Host Port': '50022', 'ForwardX11': 'no'}

with open("config.ini", "w", encoding="utf-8") as configfile:
    config.write(configfile)
configfile.close()

结果：

[DEFAULT]
serveraliveinterval = 45
compression = yes
compressionlevel = 9
forwardx11 = yes

[bitbucket.org]
user = hg

[topsecret.server.com]
host port = 50022
forwardx11 = no

查找文件

import configparser

config = configparser.ConfigParser()
# ---------------------------查找文件内容,基于字典的形式
print(config.sections())
config.read("config.ini")
print(config.sections())
print("bytebong.com" in config)
print("bitbucket.org" in config)
print(config["bitbucket.org"]["user"])
print(config["DEFAULT"]["Compression"])
print(config["topsecret.server.com"]["Forwardx11"])
print(config["bitbucket.org"])

for key in config:  # 注意,有default会默认default的键
    print(key)

print(config.options("bitbucket.org"))  # 同for循环,找到'bitbucket.org'下所有键
print(config.items("bitbucket.org"))  # 找到'bitbucket.org'下所有键值对
print(config.get("bitbucket.org", 'compression'))  # get方法Section下的key对应的value

结果：

D:\YuchuanProjectData\PythonProject\venv\Scripts\python.exe D:/YuchuanProjectData/PythonProject/YuchuanDemo010.py
[]
['bitbucket.org', 'topsecret.server.com']
False
True
hg
yes
no
<Section: bitbucket.org>
DEFAULT
bitbucket.org
topsecret.server.com
['user', 'serveraliveinterval', 'compression', 'compressionlevel', 'forwardx11']
[('serveraliveinterval', '45'), ('compression', 'yes'), ('compressionlevel', '9'), ('forwardx11', 'yes'), ('user', 'hg')]
yes
Process finished with exit code 0

增删改操作

import configparser

config = configparser.ConfigParser()
config.read("config.ini")
config.add_section("yuchuan")
config.remove_section("bitbucket.org")
config.remove_option("topsecret.server.com", "forwardx11")
config.set("topsecret.server.com", "k2", "22222")
config.set("yuchuan", "kk", "666666")
config.write(open("new.ini", "w", encoding="utf-8"))

结果：

[DEFAULT]
serveraliveinterval = 45
compression = yes
compressionlevel = 9
forwardx11 = yes

[topsecret.server.com]
host port = 50022
k2 = 22222

[yuchuan]
kk = 666666