Pandas小册子:根据条件创建新的列
在进行数据分析时,经常会遇到根据已有的数据列,按照一定条件创建新的数据列,然后进行进一步分析。
今天,我们来看一个根据已有数据按照一定条件创建新的数据列的方法。
数据如下:
import pandas as pd
df = pd.DataFrame({'team_A': ['Spain', 'Germany', 'Brazil', 'France'],
'team_B': ['USA', 'Argentina', 'Mexico', 'Belgium'],
'score_A': [5, 3, 2, 0],
'score_B': [4, 0, 3, 0]},
columns = ['team_A', 'team_B', 'score_A', 'score_B'])
df
Out[2]:
team_A team_B score_A score_B
0 Spain USA 5 4
1 Germany Argentina 3 0
2 Brazil Mexico 2 3
3 France Belgium 0 0
问题: 从上面数据中创建新的一个数据列,用来存储获胜队伍的名称。
即,根据 “score_A” 与 “score_B” 比较的结果,来获取相应的结果。
例如,第一行, “Spain”:”USA” 为 5:4 , “Spain” 获胜, 新创建的列中存储的结果为 “Spain”。
下面介绍两种方法来实现上述要求。
第一种方法
第一种方法是 利用 Pandas 中 DataFrame 的条件选择功能来实现,过程如下:
# 创建新的列 "win_team",赋值为空白
df['win_team'] = ''
# 创建判断条件 mask
mask = df['score_A'] - df['score_B']
df.loc[mask > 0, 'win_team'] = df.loc[mask > 0, 'team_A']
df.loc[mask < 0, 'win_team'] = df.loc[mask < 0, 'team_B']
df.loc[mask == 0, 'win_team'] = 'Draw'
df
Out[3]:
team_A team_B score_A score_B win_team
0 Spain USA 5 4 Spain
1 Germany Argentina 3 0 Germany
2 Brazil Mexico 2 3 Mexico
3 France Belgium 0 0 Draw
第二种方法
第二种方法是结合 DataFrame.iterrows() 以及 Python 的 list 的功能来实现,过程如下:
# The second method to get the winners
def find_win_team(df):
winners = []
for i, row in df.iterrows():
if row['score_A'] > row['score_B']:
winners.append(row['team_A'])
elif row['score_A'] < row['score_B']:
winners.append(row['team_B'])
else:
winners.append('Draw')
return winners
df['winner'] = find_win_team(df)
df
Out[4]:
team_A team_B score_A score_B win_team winner
0 Spain USA 5 4 Spain Spain
1 Germany Argentina 3 0 Germany Germany
2 Brazil Mexico 2 3 Mexico Mexico
3 France Belgium 0 0 Draw Draw
关于 DataFrame.iterrows(), 我们先来看看其运行结果。
for row_index, row in df.iterrows():
print('%s\n%s' % (row_index, row))
0
team_A Spain
team_B USA
score_A 5
score_B 4
win_team Spain
winner Spain
Name: 0, dtype: object
1
team_A Germany
team_B Argentina
score_A 3
score_B 0
win_team Germany
winner Germany
Name: 1, dtype: object
2
team_A Brazil
team_B Mexico
score_A 2
score_B 3
win_team Mexico
winner Mexico
Name: 2, dtype: object
3
team_A France
team_B Belgium
score_A 0
score_B 0
win_team Draw
winner Draw
Name: 3, dtype: object
fDataFrame.iterrows() 的作用是将 dataframe的每行转换成为一个 Series,可以理解为 针对于每一行,做了行列转置。
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